$25,994 – that’s how much Americans paid in agent commissions on an average $433,229 home last month. Classic rip-off, right? Home prices will continue to rise, and so will commissions. But there’s an alternative! Going FSBO.
FSBO is powerful. Millennials are leading the way, with over 55% considering selling their homes by owner. From California to New York, selling For Sale By Owner (FSBO) is the #1 way to save thousands in the U.S.
The best For Sale By Owner websites will double your savings. You save 3% on the listing agent commission. With the NAR settlement, you save on the 3% buyer agent commission too. That’s potentially a cool $25,994. IN YOUR POCKET!
Rankings: 12 Best For Sale By Owner Sites
FSBO Website | Listing Fee | 100% Online* | MLS Access | Online Showings & Offers | 5 Star Customer Service** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Houzeo.com | $399 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
2. Fizber.com | $295 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
3. ISoldMyHouse.com | $399 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
4. Beycome | $399 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
5. FSBO.com | $399 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
6. Homecoin | $95 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
7. Flat Fee Realty | $349 + 0.25% | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
8. Zillow FSBO | $0 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
9. ForSaleByOwner.com | $0 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
10. Craigslist | $0 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
11. Facebook Marketplace | $0 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
12. Oodle Marketplace | $0 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
*For 100% Online, only top FSBO sites with online showings, inspection scheduling, offer management, and mobile app have been considered.
**For 5-Star Reviews, customer ratings above 4.8 out of 5 have been considered.
Types of FSBO Websites 🚀
There are two types of For Sale By Owner websites you can choose from:
- Paid FSBO Websites: These websites list your property on the MLS for a flat fee. The MLS syndicates your listings to Zillow, Redfin, Trulia, and other websites.
- Free FSBO Websites: When you list for free, your listings are visible on the website and not on the MLS. No MLS exposure means less buyers and a lower sale price.
Reviews: 7 Best Paid FSBO Websites
Paid FSBO websites list on the MLS without a Realtor for a one-time flat fee. We’ve ranked the best flat fee FSBO listing websites.
1. Houzeo.com
Houzeo offers 4 FSBO MLS listing Plans:
- Bronze: $399 + $350 at closing
- Silver: $409 + 0.5% at closing
- Gold: $429 + 0.5% at closing
- Platinum: $499 + 1% at closing
👉 Our Take: We recommend the GOLD plan. Which gives you access to Houzeo Tech. You can easily manage showings, negotiations, etc.
- Maximum Exposure
- 5-star Customer Service
- 100% Online
- No Hidden Fees
- Free Home Value Estimator
Houzeo’s services are limited in Wyoming, South Dakota, and West Virginia. This means your listings may take more than 12 hours to get updated.
Houzeo is rated 4.9 out of 5 stars by thousands of home sellers on Google & Trustpilot.
» Houzeo Reviews: With over 10,000+ happy customers, Houzeo is the most trusted FSBO website.
Houzeo.com is one of the best FSBO sites in the U.S. They provide advanced technology, a seamless user experience, and listing exposure.
Houzeo’s Flat Fee MLS listing service helps you save thousands on Realtor commissions. You get dedicated customer support, which makes the home-selling process smooth and effortless. In addition, Houzeo covers 47 states and DC.
2. Fizber.com
Fizber offers 4 packages for FSBO home sellers:
- Free Listing – $0: Your home gets listed on Fizber’s and Redfin’s websites, but no MLS exposure.
- Digital Boost – $95: Includes everything in the Free Listing, plus open house alerts to local buyers.
- MLS Boost – $270: Your home gets listed on the MLS for 6 months with up to 6 photos, syndicated to Fizber and other major real estate platforms. This package includes listing forms, disclosures, and 7-day customer service.
- Premium MLS Boost – $295: This package includes everything from MLS Boost and extends your MLS listing to 12 months with unlimited photos. It also adds features like free showing assist, open house ads, and virtual tour posting.
👉 Our Take: Fizber provides affordable packages to home sellers. However, only paid packages offer MLS access and important features like unlimited photos or longer listings come with extra costs.
Here are some of the advantages of listing with Fizber:
- Nationwide Coverage: The company offers services across the USA.
- Buyer Leads Forwarded: All buyer leads are forwarded to you. So you can directly contact the buyers or agents.
- Refund Policy: They provide full refunds for Flat Fee MLS packages within 30 days, provided that no documentation has been submitted to the MLS.
- Unlimited Listing Changes: You can update your listings free of charge with the MLS Boost and Premium MLS Boost packages.
These are some drawbacks we found with Fizber:
- Closing Fee: A 0.5% closing fee is charged if you are selling your property in Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, or Wyoming.
- Additional Fees: The MLS Boost package includes only 6 photos, and many features, such as showing assistance virtual tour posting, and open house ads require additional fees costing from $25 – $60.
- Negative Customer Reviews: Some users have reported negative experiences with Fizber. It includes unauthorized listings, difficulties in securing refunds, and poor communication with their representatives.
Fizber has 3.5 out of 5 stars out of 100+ reviews on Trustpilot.
» Fizber Reviews: Find out what customers really experienced when listing with Fizber!
Fizber is an online For Sale By Owner platform that provides 3 paid listing packages. The $295 Premium MLS Boost Package offers maximum exposure to your property.
However, their technology is not at par with current industry standards. Also, it’s always best to read the terms and conditions of any additional services.
3. ISoldMyHouse.com
I Sold My House offers 2 flat fee packages:
- Get Listed – $299: This package offers MLS listing with 6-10 photos. Your listing is syndicated to major sites like Zillow and Trulia. It is best suited for rental properties and small 1-2 bedroom homes.
- Get Sold – $399: This package includes all the features of the Get Listed plan, plus you can upload up to 25 photos. It is best suited for larger homes.
👉 Our Take: ISoldMyHouse.com offers affordable MLS listings, but its services are relatively basic, even in premium packages. Unlike many other flat fee brokers, they do not offer agent support or guidance throughout the selling process.
I Sold My House offers the following advantages:
- Fast Listing: Your home is listed on the MLS within 24 hours from the time you submit your details.
- Market Exposure: Your MLS listing gets syndicated to websites like Zillow, Trulia, Redfin, and Realtor.com.
- Buyer Leads Forwarded: All buyer leads are directly forwarded to you with no agent involvement.
Here are some deal breakers associated with I Sold My House:
- Limited Coverage: ISoldMyHouse.com is licensed to provide direct services in 8 states. In the rest of the region, it works as a referral service.
- Limited Features: They don’t offer any additional services like professional photography, yard signs, or comparative market analysis.
- Self-Managed Process: The entire selling process is DIY, meaning sellers have to manage pricing, marketing, and the closing process.
I Sold My House has a rating of 4.73 out of 5 from 10+ reviews on Better Business Bureau.
» I Sold My House Reviews: Do consider reading these reviews before choosing I Sold My House.
ISoldMyHouse is one of the best For Sale By Owner MLS listing services in the U.S. As per their website, your house gets listed on the MLS within 24 hours from the time you submit your property details.
However, ISoldMyHouse is licensed only in 8 states. In the remaining 42 states and Washington D.C. they work as a referral company.
4. Beycome.com
Beycome Brokerage Realty LLC offers three Flat Fee MLS listing packages for homeowners:
- Basic Package – $99: This package offers you unlimited changes to your listings.
- Enhanced Package – $399: You get a yard sign, a featured listing on Beycome’s website, flyers, brochures, and one key lockbox. You can also add a virtual tour video to your listing. This package is available only in 8 states.
- Concierge Service – $599 + 1% Commission: This is essentially a virtual full-service package that includes assistance till closing. They charge 1% of the sale price at closing. It is available only in 6 states.
👉 Our Take: Beycome’s prices are reasonable. However, their à la carte services comes with a hefty price tag. Also, the website is suitable only for experienced sellers.
Beycome offers good service in the selected states they are available in:
- Unrestricted Revisions and Edits: You can make unlimited changes to the description, photos, or price of your listing.
- Expert Assistance, if Needed: You can get expert assistance on all 7 days of the week in English and Spanish.
In our research, we came across these deal breakers with Beycome:
- Upselling Title Service: Beycome also owns a title company, which will be pitched to you repeatedly.
- Limited Coverage: It is only available in 10 states.
- Lack of Assistance: Most sellers had to manage price negotiation, showings, and closing by themselves. Sellers also complained about the delay in resolving issues.
- Average Technology: Leads, inspections, appraisals, etc., are managed offline so the process can be cumbersome.
- Only for Experienced Sellers: First-time sellers may not have experience in closing costs and seller disclosures. Beycome does not provide that much assistance in this area.
Beycome has 4.5 out of 5 stars from 600+ reviews on Google.
» Beycome Reviews: Know why Beycome is not the best choice to sell your home.
Beycome is headquartered in South Miami, FL, and has been operating since 2020. They are known for their affordable packages. And you can make unlimited changes to your listing.
However, Beycome is available only in 10 states. The sellers complain about the lack of in-person support during the closing process and handling seller disclosures.
5. FSBO.com
- FSBO Package – $99.95
- MLS Package – $399.95
- Multiple Categories of Listings
- User-Friendly Interface
- Nationwide Coverage
- Limited Automation
- Unpredictable Broker Quality
- Extra Charges for Listing Photos
- Expensive à la carte Services
FSBO.com has no credible customer reviews on popular review sites like Google or Trustpilot.
» FSBO.com Reviews: Read why the oldest FSBO website isn’t the best anymore.
FSBO.com is the oldest and one of the top FSBO sites in the US. They offer 2 listing packages priced at $99.95 and $399.95.
Besides listing houses as For Sale By Owner, FSBO.com offers no major services. The à la carte items they offer are expensive, and they charge you extra for uploading more than 20 photos.
6. Homecoin
Homecoin offers only one Flat Fee MLS package:
- Flat Fee MLS Listing – $95: It includes a 12-month listing term, 25+ photos, call forwarding, info by text, email forwarding, and state and federal disclosures. You also get up to 10 free listing changes.
Add-ons:
- Sign Post Rental: $105 (price varies by area)
- Lockbox Rentals: $125 (price varies by MLS)
- Pro Photography: $182 (price varies by area)
- Seller Agent: They offer two packages for seller agent. Standard package costs $495 and the premium package costs $2,999.
👉 Our Take: Homecoin offers only a single package for listing on the MLS. If you opt for any additional service, you end up paying extra.
Note: Homecoin’s services and prices vary by region. Our research is conducted in the 90001 ZIP code.
Based on our research, the benefits of Homecoin are:
- Digital Automation: The listing documents can be filled out online on their website.
- Affordable Listing: Apart from expensive add-ons, your home gets listed on the MLS at an inexpensive price.
- Covers 22 States: Homecoin covers Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.
In our research, we found some limitations of Homecoin, that could make your experience less satisfactory.
- Essentials Are Add-Ons: Homecoin will charge you extra for features like showing management with a lockbox. You can counter an offer or request the highest and best offer.
- Upgrades are Overpriced: If you want to manage showings, you have to rent a lockbox for $125.
- Key Features Are Not Available: Key features, like inspections and appraisals, are missing in Homecoin’s offerings. Without these, you risk turning off buyers and buyer agents.
Homecoin has 4.8 out of 5 stars from 120+ reviews on Yelp.
» Homecoin Reviews: Is Homecoin worth it? Read our blog to find out.
Homecoin is a For Sale By Owner website that offers a single MLS listing package, priced at $95. You can avail of their rental lockbox, professional real estate photographs, or signposts at additional costs.
While the $95 flat fee is definitely attractive, the additional features come with a hefty price point. Further, Homecoin’s limited coverage may make it difficult for many Americans to benefit from their MLS access package.
7. Flat Fee Realty
FlatFeeMLSRealty offers three real estate listing packages to suit different needs and budgets:
- Silver Package – $99: This package includes a 3-month listing term and up to 15 photos with 10 listing changes.
- Gold Package – $249: This package comes with a 6-month listing term and enables you to include up to 50 photos with unlimited listing changes.
- Platinum Package – $549: This package has unlimited listing terms and changes with 25+ HD photos.
👉 Our Take: Flat Fee Realty is an affordable option. However, they do charge additional fees for optional upgrades like additional photos and listing changes.
These are some pros of Flat Fee Realty in the areas it operates:
- Cost-Effective: Flat Fee Realty offers an affordable flat fee listing package.
- Free listing Changes: You can make changes to your listing without paying any additional fees.
- Easy Cancellation: You can cancel anytime and get a refund within 30 days of purchase. If you decide not to sell your home, some of your listing fees will be refunded.
In our research, we have found certain drawbacks of Flat Fee MLS Realty.
- Not for First-Time Sellers: Flat Fee MLS Realty may not be ideal for you if you are a first-time seller. You’ll have to conduct tours and communicate with buyers on your own.
- Expensive Add-ons: For services like professional photography, you have to pay an additional $460 with the Silver package and $300 with the Gold package.
Flat Fee MLS Realty has 4.3 out of 5 stars from 90+ total reviews on Google.
» Flat Fee Realty Reviews: Read our in-depth review of Flat Fee Realty.
Flat Fee Realty is a Flat Fee MLS service. They offer a single MLS listing package and the price vary by state.
However, the package is a one size fits all plan. It doesn’t provide the flexibility to customize as per your need. And you have to pay an additional $50 to add more than 6 photos to your listing.
Reviews: 5 Best Free FSBO Websites
8. Zillow For Sale By Owner
- FSBO Listing on Zillow – $0
- Zillow Premier Agent – 3% commission
- No Fees
- Free Cancellation
- Maximum Market Exposure
- Nationwide Coverage
- User-Friendly Interface
- Offers Rental Services
- Slow Listings
- Inaccurate Zestimate
- Limited Support
- Lead for Real Estate Agent
- Hide FSBO Listings
Zillow has a rating of 1.4 out of 5 stars from 350+ reviews on Trustpilot.
» Zillow For Sale By Owner Reviews: Read our in-depth review on Zillow.
Zillow is the most popular house selling website. To list your home, you can simply sign up and create your free account.
However, Zillow’s FSBO listings do not appear on the MLS and are hidden in the ‘Other Listings’ tab. This limits the exposure on your property.
9. ForSaleByOwner.com
- ‘Do It Yourself’ FSBO Package – $0
- ‘Closing Assistance’ Package – $495
- Nationwide Coverage
- Control and Flexibility
- Direct Buyer Interaction
- No MLS Listing
- Lack of Technology
- Privacy Violation
- Lead for Rocket Homes
ForSaleByOwner.com has a rating of 3.4 out of 5 stars on BestCompany.com.
» ForSaleByOwner.com Reviews: Read this blog to learn more.
ForSaleByOwner.com has been operating since 1999. You can list your single-family home, condo, or townhouse at no cost. Moreover, they provide tools to help you calculate your home’s worth and access to legal forms.
Although ForSaleByOwner.com offers various paid services, their agent support package is similar to what you’d pay to a traditional Realtor. And none of the packages include a For Sale By Owner MLS listing in Florida.
10. Craigslist
- FSBO Listing on Craigslist – $0
- User-Friendly Website
- Free FSBO Listing
- Good for Distressed Property
- Huge Traffic
- Lowball Offer
- Scammers and Pranksters
- Short Lifespan of Ads
Craigslist has a poor rating of 1.4 out of 5 stars from 300+ reviews on Trustpilot.
» How to Sell a House on Craigslist: Learn the step-by-step process of selling your home on Craigslist.
Craigslist is one of the biggest free For Sale By Owner sites in the U.S. The platform is free to use and can provide decent exposure to your FSBO listing.
But they lack security features and can also attract scammers and fraudulent cash home buyers. So, you must be careful with sharing your property information and verify buyer identity.
11. Facebook Marketplace
Facebook Marketplace offers free FSBO real estate listing in its ‘Property for Sale’ section.
- FSBO Listing on Facebook – $0: You can list your property with some photos and basic details.
👉 Our Take: Facebook Marketplace is good for added exposure outside MLS or real estate websites. However, do not rely on it completely to get buyer leads. List on the MLS for credible buyer leads.
- Facebook has Millions of Users: Your property is advertised to millions of Facebook users. This certainly gives you exposure outside of MLS-syndicated websites.
- Facebook Marketplace is Not a Real Estate Website: Although it gives your listing some exposure, you don’t get assistance or FSBO tools. Its only purpose is marketing your property.
- Potential Privacy Attacks: Hackers can steal your personal data online. Make sure you have limited information open to the public while using Facebook Marketplace.
- No FSBO Support: Although Facebook Marketplace gives your listing some exposure, you don’t get assistance or FSBO tools. Its only purpose is marketing your property.
- You Can Get Scammed: Be vigilant of fraudulent offers. Scammers may attempt to make phony offers. If you get an offer that is too good to be true, high chances are it is a scam.
Facebook Marketplace has no customer reviews on popular review sites like Google or Trustpilot.
Facebook Marketplace is a popular classifieds site, where you can list your property. Also, your property gets maximum exposure if you have already listed on the MLS.
You should protect your personal data and profile, as Facebook Marketplace is filled with unsolicited buyers. Further, this platform’s reach in real estate is limited, which lowers your chances of selling your house.
12. Oodle Marketplace
Cash Offer Option helps you sell your home very quickly. They provide you with a no-obligation offer.
- Sell at $0 Commission: You can sell your home with a few photos and a basic property description without paying any agent commission.
- Zero Closing Costs: You don’t have to pay any closing costs as the company pays them.
👉 Our Take: We recommend a Cash Offer Option for added exposure outside MLS or real estate websites. You can negotiate the price for your home and close the deal without closing fees.
- Sell Your Home As Is: You can avoid the typical delays in foreclosure and renovations and sell your home as is.
- Get a Cash Offer Regardless of Condition: You can get an offer regardless of the condition of your home.
- Complete Assistance: The experts of Cash Offer Option will work with you and help you understand the process.
We found no deal breakers regarding the Cash Offer Option.
Customers talk positively about the services and support from the team.
Oodle Marketplace offers free property listings in its ‘real estate’ section.
Although this website can be a good option for better market exposure, it does not protect you from lowball offers or scammers. You must rationally evaluate multiple offers that may seem too good to be true.
Best For Sale By Owner Websites Near You
Region | States |
---|---|
Northeast | Connecticut | Maine | Massachusetts | New Hampshire | New Jersey | New York | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | Vermont |
Midwest | Illinois | Indiana | Iowa | Kansas | Michigan | Minnesota | Missouri | Nebraska | North Dakota | Ohio | South Dakota | Wisconsin |
South | Alabama | Arkansas | Delaware | Florida | Georgia | Kentucky | Louisiana | Maryland | Mississippi | North Carolina | Oklahoma | South Carolina | Tennessee | Texas | Virginia | Washington DC | West Virginia |
West | Alaska | Arizona | California | Colorado | Hawaii | Idaho | Montana | Nevada | New Mexico | Oregon | Utah | Washington | Wyoming |
How Much Can You Save With an FSBO Website?
You can save a whopping 3% on Realtor commission to list your home on the MLS in Florida. You just need to pay a flat fee which is fraction of the cost you would pay to the Realtor.
Imagine you own a $433,229 home in the America. If you choose a 3% Realtor, you pay $12,997 to get your house on the MLS. But, if you list with a flat fee service like Houzeo, you only pay $399 and save $12,248!
Besides this, 77% of FSBO homes sell in less than 2 weeks. The best FSBO websites can get your home on the MLS within 24-48 hours.
Service Provider | Fee | Commission Due | Savings |
Traditional Agent | 3% | $12,997 | $0 |
Houzeo | $399 | $749 | $12,248 |
Lara Shane Saved $24,000 With Houzeo, You Can Too!
Start Your Home Selling Journey
NAR Settlement Saves Sellers Thousands in Commission
The NAR settlement went into effect on August 17, 2024. Buyer agent commissions can no longer be offered on the MLS. This means sellers will save thousands! But it also means there’s a lot more compliance and litigation risks.
Here’s what this means for you:
- Sellers Can Save Thousands in Commissions: You will likely be paying much less than the traditional 3% buyer agent commission. That’s because buyer agent commissions will be negotiated twice: Once when buyers engage Buyer Agents, and again when sellers review offer contracts.
- Seller Priority #1 will be Paperwork (to Mitigate Compliance & Litigation Risks): Buyer agents mitigate all types of risks. From seller disclosures, offer contracts, contingencies, inspections, repair requests, appraisal, and closing – Buyer agents keep the paperwork tight. Their state licensing authorities, Realtor associations, and MLS’ audit paperwork compliance. Without buyer agents, sellers will have to learn and adapt. Or risk expensive litigation.
- Negotiations Can Now Feel Like Haggling: Buyer agent commissions will now be part of offer contracts and buyer agency agreements. Buyers may ask sellers to include commissions in the form of seller concessions. That means home buyers and sellers alike will be negotiating commissions. Sellers will need expert licensed brokers to help them with these negotiations.
- Buyer Agent Commissions Can Be Offered Offline: Buyer agent commissions can still be offered outside of the MLS. They just cannot be advertised on the MLS.
How to List on MLS: 5 Steps
Here’s how you can get your home in front of local buyers and agents:
- Find the Best Flat Fee MLS Listing Service: Choose a flat-rate listing service to list your FSBO home on Florida MLS. Several Flat Fee MLS companies are notorious for high hidden fees. See our rankings of the best Flat Fee MLS listing services.
- Create Your Account: Almost all Flat Fee listing services will let you create an account. High-tech listing sites like Houzeo will allow you to manage your listing online!
- Choose a Listing Plan: Fixed fee listing services offer a DIY MLS listing by owner plan or a virtual full-service plan. Choose the plan that meets your home-selling needs.
- Enter Property Details & Add Photos: Provide property information like the number of beds, baths, etc. Professionally clicked high-quality photos can help you sell your home 50% faster. So, consider hiring a real estate photographer before you upload photos!
- Sign the Listing Agreement: Review and sign the listing agreement. Complete the seller disclosure forms. If everything is in order, the real estate broker will list your home within 24 to 48 hours.
5 Tips for Listing Your House as For Sale By Owner
To sell your home easily with For Sale By Owner websites in Florida, you must consider the following tips:
- Conduct Market Research: Evaluate the local real estate market. Learn about recent house sales prices, market trends, and the typical time it takes to sell a home.
- Prepare Your Home: Make necessary repairs and renovations. Clean, declutter, and opt for home staging. All this makes your house appealing to potential buyers.
- Price It Right: Set a competitive price for your house. To get a Fair Market Value, consider a professional appraisal or use online tools.
- Market Your Home: Create a detailed marketing plan. Use high-quality images and make a virtual tour or video walkthrough.
- Opt for Exposure: Choose an FSBO website that gets your home listed on the MLS. This will give maximum exposure to your property and attract potential buyers.
Alternatives to For Sale By Owner Websites
If you think selling a house yourself can be difficult, here are some other options you can consider:
- Choose a Low Commission Agent: A low-commission real estate agent offers you the same services as a traditional Realtor for a reduced commission rate.
- Opt for a Cash Home Buyer: Florida cash home buyers make all-cash offers, usually within 24 to 48 hours. You can also sell your house as-is with them.
- Sell With an iBuyer: Opendoor and Offerpad are iBuyers that use technology to extend cash offers on homes. They typically offer 70%-80% of a home’s Fair Market Value (FMV).
Frequently Asked Questions
Where can I list my home For Sale By Owner?
You can list your house For Sale By Owner with Flat Fee MLS services like Houzeo.com, Beycome, Fizber, and more.
What is the best For Sale By Owner site?
Houzeo.com is the best MLS listing site, as it provides an unbeatable combination of max savings, 5-star customer support, and cutting-edge technology. Houzeo has a rating of 4.9 out of 5 stars on popular review websites like Google and Trustpilot.
Where can I list my house For Sale By Owner for free?
You can list your home for free on ForSalebyOwner.com and classifieds websites like Craigslist, Facebook Marketplace, and Oodle Marketplace.
What to look for in a FSBO website?
When looking for a For Sale By Owner website to list your home on the MLS, look for user-friendly interfaces, online visibility, and features such as listing customization and marketing tools.